Swing rig

Procedural 26-DOF biomechanical chain. Anchored at four key poses (address → top → impact → finish) and interpolated with smoothed lerp through the swing. Every joint is parameterized — no mocap, no physics simulation. The IMPACT clubhead lands on the ball at machine precision by construction (impact-frame contract). The trail-arm chain reaches its target at ADDRESS and FINISH only — across most of the backswing and downswing the trail wrist exceeds full arm reach (the rig has no per-frame trail-grip sliding model yet) and is rendered with reduced opacity to signal the gap. Real golfers' trail hand slides down the grip as the trail elbow folds; v1 keeps a fixed grip offset, so the visible gap is a deliberate v1 limitation, not a bug.

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Impact-frame inputs

Club path and attack angle are part of the impact-frame contract but only modulate the trajectory (ball-launch direction), not the rig's static impact geometry. They land here once /swing has a trajectory readout to make their effect visible.

Causal diagnostics

Deterministic rules against published thresholds. 6 findings, 6 in band, 0 warn, 0 flag.

  • IN BAND

    X-factor at top

    45deg

    Torso–pelvis separation in tour-pro range — 45° vs target tour 30–50° (avg ~40°).

    Phase
    top
    Band
    30–50deg (tour 30–50° (avg ~40°))
    Cite
    Cheetham 2001 (X-factor); coaching consensus via TPI Big 12
  • IN BAND

    Pelvic slide (top → impact)

    7cm

    Pelvic bump 7.0 cm toward target — within tour band.

    Phase
    impact
    Band
    4–7cm (tour 4–7 cm bump toward target)
    Cite
    Cheetham 2001 (pelvic translation, Big 12)
  • IN BAND

    Secondary spine tilt at impact

    10deg

    Trail-side lean 10° — lead shoulder rises above trail as expected.

    Phase
    impact
    Band
    6–14deg (tour 8–12° trail-side lean)
    Cite
    Frontiers Sports & Active Living 2022 (10.3389/fspor.2022.986281); Cahalan 2022
  • IN BAND

    Lead-knee post-up

    11deg

    Lead leg straightens 11° from address — clean post-up.

    Phase
    impact
    Band
    10–22deg (tour 10–22° straightening)
    Cite
    Cahalan 2022 ROM tables (PMC9227529)
  • IN BAND

    Trail heel lift at impact

    15deg

    Trail heel beginning to lift (15° plantar) — natural ground-up sequence.

    Phase
    impact
    Band
    8–22deg (tour 8–22° plantar at impact)
    Cite
    Cahalan 2022 (ankle ROM in golf swing)
  • IN BAND

    Spine angle maintenance

    10deg

    Forward bend changes 10° from address to impact — posture held cleanly.

    Phase
    impact
    Band
    0–12deg (tour ≤12° change address→impact)
    Cite
    Frontiers Sports & Active Living 2022 (spine angle through impact)
DOFs
26 (lead arm 6 · club 1 · spine 3 · pelvis 4 · lower body 12)
Anchor poses
Address + impact derived from impact-frame contract; top + finish authored
Interpolation
Per-DOF smoothstep lerp through 4 anchors with phase timings (tempo · 1 · 0.5)
Bullet-time
Same instant from face-on, DTL, overhead, free-3D simultaneously
References
de Leva 1996 · Tinmark 2010 · Cahalan 2022 · Cheetham 2001

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